International Labor Comparisons

FONT SIZE:

International Comparisons of Hourly Compensation Costs in Manufacturing Industries, by Country, 2008-2011

Technical Notes (PDF)
Country Notes and Data Sources (PDF)
NEWS RELEASE Manufacturing sector only (HTML) (PDF) (XLS)

Tables by country, ISIC basis, U.S. dollars and national currrency

Inquiries and Feedback

ILCHelp@bls.gov www.bls.gov/ilc/#compensation

Elimination of ILC

BLS has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last scheduled release of new data on international comparisons of compensation costs in manufacturing industries.

Related Links:

Report: International Comparisons of Hourly Compensation Costs in Manufacturing Industries, 2011(PDF) (report tables only, XLS)

Tables by Country (XLS with interactive charts)

Tables by Industry (XLS with interactive charts)

Table 1. United States, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	32.78	34.19	34.81	35.53
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	24.92	25.93	26.56	26.91
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	23.65	24.87	25.39	25.97
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	21.56	21.33	22.22	23.41
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	21.38	21.04	22.04	23.27
Textiles	13	22.28	21.89	22.84	23.60
Wearing apparel	14	19.86	19.66	20.72	22.60
Leather and related products	15	24.40	25.91	24.96	25.34
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	28.66	29.66	30.01	30.76
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	23.95	24.65	24.56	24.63
Paper and paper products	17	34.02	34.55	35.31	36.39
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	28.35	29.28	29.49	30.41
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	45.99	52.55	52.89	52.58
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	41.37	40.42	41.45	41.30
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	37.70	38.35	39.87	39.43
Pharmaceutical products	21	50.99	45.76	45.51	46.02
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	27.83	28.75	29.34	30.01
Rubber and plastics products	22	27.50	28.76	28.97	29.37
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	28.35	28.74	30.01	31.15
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	30.18	31.09	31.59	31.89
Basic metals	24	34.44	35.52	36.04	36.37
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	28.92	29.82	30.24	30.50
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	45.45	47.94	49.34	51.16
Electrical equipment	27	30.64	32.41	33.11	35.30
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	34.37	35.55	36.29	37.14
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	41.97	45.19	45.34	46.11
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	37.36	38.10	37.35	37.97
Other transport equipment	30	47.09	51.46	53.61	54.76
Furniture	31	25.30	25.88	26.02	26.62
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 2a. Argentina, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	10.04	10.23	12.78	15.91
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	NA	NA	NA	NA
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	NA	NA	NA	NA
Paper and paper products	17	NA	NA	NA	NA
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	NA	NA	NA
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber and plastics products	22	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Basic metals	24	NA	NA	NA	NA
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	NA	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Note: For additional information on industry definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 2b. Argentina, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	31.57	37.95	49.79	65.41
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	NA	NA	NA	NA
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	NA	NA	NA	NA
Paper and paper products	17	NA	NA	NA	NA
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	NA	NA	NA
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber and plastics products	22	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Basic metals	24	NA	NA	NA	NA
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	NA	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Note: For additional information on industry definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 3a. Australia, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	35.91	33.42	39.67	46.29
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	32.77	30.05	35.35	41.25
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	31.87	29.04	33.93	39.59
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	34.51	31.47	36.80	42.93
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	29.84	26.91	30.97	36.14
Paper and paper products	17	46.88	42.31	48.48	56.56
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	33.73	31.06	37.01	43.19
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	NA	NA	NA
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	35.77	32.81	38.30	44.69
Rubber and plastics products	22	36.20	33.19	38.71	45.16
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	35.30	32.43	37.94	44.26
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	37.94	35.27	41.58	48.52
Basic metals	24	45.92	43.11	50.77	59.24
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	33.59	31.12	36.92	43.07
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	NA	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	36.76	35.03	42.71	49.83
Other transport equipment	30	37.45	33.03	37.16	43.36
Furniture	31	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 3b. Australia, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	42.06	42.15	43.12	44.80
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	38.38	37.91	38.43	39.92
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	37.33	36.64	36.88	38.31
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	40.42	39.70	40.00	41.55
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	34.95	33.95	33.67	34.98
Paper and paper products	17	54.92	53.37	52.69	54.74
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	39.51	39.19	40.23	41.80
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	NA	NA	NA
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	41.90	41.39	41.63	43.25
Rubber and plastics products	22	42.40	41.87	42.07	43.71
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	41.35	40.91	41.23	42.84
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	44.45	44.49	45.20	46.96
Basic metals	24	53.79	54.38	55.19	57.33
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	39.35	39.26	40.13	41.69
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	NA	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	43.06	44.19	46.43	48.23
Other transport equipment	30	43.86	41.67	40.39	41.96
Furniture	31	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 4a. Austria, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	42.86	42.62	39.98	43.16
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	33.82	33.25	31.69	33.57
Food and beverages	10-11	33.16	32.22	31.10	33.12
Food products	10	31.29	30.35	29.29	31.31
Beverages	11	43.87	43.54	42.23	44.33
Tobacco products	12	80.83	104.62	80.41	73.19
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	31.99	32.25	30.89	33.31
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	32.78	32.89	31.71	34.17
Textiles	13	35.77	34.94	33.29	36.02
Wearing apparel	14	29.09	30.37	29.69	31.61
Leather and related products	15	28.90	29.98	28.08	30.42
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	40.05	39.23	37.44	39.92
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	33.43	32.75	31.48	34.03
Paper and paper products	17	47.42	46.94	44.87	48.22
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	45.68	43.62	41.61	43.19
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	95.55	92.67	89.22	99.21
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	52.16	50.90	49.19	53.20
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	52.50	52.24	49.70	54.18
Pharmaceutical products	21	51.85	48.84	48.65	51.96
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	41.31	40.56	38.12	41.50
Rubber and plastics products	22	38.76	38.04	35.96	39.21
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	43.36	42.65	39.92	43.48
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	43.24	43.15	40.09	43.74
Basic metals	24	50.63	51.30	46.11	50.63
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	39.32	39.05	36.89	40.08
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	52.62	53.34	47.27	52.00
Electrical equipment	27	48.58	49.47	45.40	47.67
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	45.88	45.69	42.92	46.05
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	48.31	50.30	44.30	49.01
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	48.07	49.43	43.16	48.01
Other transport equipment	30	48.53	53.03	50.08	54.14
Furniture	31	31.88	30.92	29.63	31.99
Other manufacturing	32	38.68	39.15	38.14	40.92
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 4b. Austria, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	29.10	30.58	30.15	30.98
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	22.97	23.86	23.89	24.10
Food and beverages	10-11	22.52	23.12	23.45	23.77
Food products	10	21.25	21.78	22.09	22.48
Beverages	11	29.79	31.25	31.84	31.82
Tobacco products	12	54.89	75.08	60.64	52.54
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	21.73	23.14	23.29	23.91
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	22.26	23.60	23.92	24.53
Textiles	13	24.29	25.07	25.10	25.86
Wearing apparel	14	19.75	21.79	22.39	22.69
Leather and related products	15	19.63	21.52	21.18	21.84
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	27.19	28.15	28.23	28.65
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	22.70	23.50	23.74	24.43
Paper and paper products	17	32.20	33.69	33.83	34.61
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	31.02	31.30	31.37	31.00
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	64.88	66.50	67.28	71.22
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	35.42	36.53	37.09	38.19
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	35.65	37.49	37.48	38.89
Pharmaceutical products	21	35.21	35.05	36.69	37.30
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	28.05	29.11	28.74	29.79
Rubber and plastics products	22	26.32	27.30	27.12	28.15
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	29.45	30.61	30.11	31.21
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	29.36	30.96	30.23	31.40
Basic metals	24	34.38	36.82	34.77	36.35
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	26.70	28.02	27.82	28.77
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	35.73	38.28	35.65	37.33
Electrical equipment	27	32.99	35.50	34.24	34.22
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	31.15	32.79	32.37	33.06
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	32.81	36.09	33.41	35.18
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	32.64	35.47	32.55	34.47
Other transport equipment	30	32.96	38.05	37.77	38.86
Furniture	31	21.65	22.19	22.34	22.97
Other manufacturing	32	26.27	28.09	28.76	29.37
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 5a. Belgium, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	53.88	52.27	50.72	54.77
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	43.05	41.97	45.34
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	43.02	41.95	45.32
Food products	10	NA	41.80	40.67	43.94
Beverages	11	NA	51.37	50.29	54.32
Tobacco products	12	NA	43.14	42.19	45.51
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	37.85	36.75	39.88
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	37.75	36.64	39.73
Textiles	13	NA	38.45	37.11	40.33
Wearing apparel	14	NA	35.32	34.53	37.20
Leather and related products	15	NA	40.20	39.10	42.18
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	NA	43.63	42.40	45.88
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	NA	36.49	35.18	38.04
Paper and paper products	17	NA	49.20	47.64	51.89
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	NA	45.06	43.79	47.19
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	64.94	63.14	69.06
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	63.05	61.37	67.13
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	69.79	67.49	73.82
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	NA	46.41	45.02	48.90
Rubber and plastics products	22	NA	45.49	44.28	48.39
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	NA	47.18	45.64	49.20
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	NA	46.61	45.07	48.38
Basic metals	24	NA	53.72	52.38	56.37
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	NA	41.50	40.09	43.07
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	52.57	51.51	55.35
Electrical equipment	27	NA	47.09	46.03	49.46
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	45.34	44.27	47.56
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	NA	55.73	53.91	57.87
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	NA	56.64	54.72	58.74
Other transport equipment	30	NA	50.95	49.84	53.50
Furniture	31	NA	35.51	34.38	37.21
Other manufacturing	32	NA	37.61	36.50	39.34
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 5b. Belgium, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	36.59	37.51	38.25	39.31
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	30.90	31.65	32.55
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	30.87	31.63	32.53
Food products	10	NA	29.99	30.67	31.54
Beverages	11	NA	36.86	37.92	39.00
Tobacco products	12	NA	30.96	31.82	32.67
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	27.16	27.71	28.63
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	27.09	27.63	28.52
Textiles	13	NA	27.59	27.98	28.95
Wearing apparel	14	NA	25.35	26.04	26.70
Leather and related products	15	NA	28.85	29.49	30.28
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	NA	31.31	31.97	32.93
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	NA	26.18	26.53	27.30
Paper and paper products	17	NA	35.31	35.92	37.25
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	NA	32.34	33.02	33.87
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	46.60	47.61	49.57
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	45.25	46.28	48.18
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	50.08	50.90	52.99
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	NA	33.30	33.95	35.10
Rubber and plastics products	22	NA	32.64	33.39	34.74
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	NA	33.86	34.42	35.31
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	NA	33.45	33.99	34.73
Basic metals	24	NA	38.55	39.50	40.46
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	NA	29.78	30.23	30.92
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	37.73	38.84	39.73
Electrical equipment	27	NA	33.79	34.71	35.50
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	32.54	33.38	34.14
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	NA	39.99	40.66	41.54
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	NA	40.65	41.26	42.16
Other transport equipment	30	NA	36.57	37.58	38.41
Furniture	31	NA	25.48	25.93	26.71
Other manufacturing	32	NA	26.99	27.52	28.24
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 6a. Brazil, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	8.44	8.13	10.08	11.65
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	6.32	6.34	7.90	9.10
Food and beverages	10-11	6.22	6.26	7.79	8.97
Food products	10	5.92	5.99	7.53	8.67
Beverages	11	9.36	9.07	10.43	12.01
Tobacco products	12	11.23	11.83	15.78	17.89
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	3.98	3.92	4.80	5.47
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	4.06	4.02	4.88	5.58
Textiles	13	5.54	5.42	6.88	7.89
Wearing apparel	14	3.31	3.36	3.98	4.55
Leather and related products	15	3.82	3.70	4.61	5.22
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	7.19	6.93	8.65	9.75
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	4.49	4.18	5.40	6.34
Paper and paper products	17	10.31	10.26	12.82	14.17
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	6.99	6.41	7.75	8.56
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	17.30	20.57	28.29	32.93
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	16.68	16.00	18.93	21.39
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	16.21	15.30	18.02	20.36
Pharmaceutical products	21	17.91	17.97	21.48	24.27
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	7.16	6.74	8.27	9.68
Rubber and plastics products	22	7.87	7.33	9.02	10.58
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	6.46	6.16	7.52	8.79
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	9.67	9.17	11.26	12.78
Basic metals	24	14.27	13.91	16.44	18.88
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	7.30	6.90	8.71	9.83
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	11.17	11.84	14.63	16.64
Electrical equipment	27	10.92	10.16	13.88	15.79
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	11.08	10.51	13.20	15.19
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	14.62	13.88	17.22	19.88
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	14.51	13.98	16.96	19.59
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	4.46	4.19	5.39	6.21
Other manufacturing	32	5.91	5.76	7.03	8.10
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 6b. Brazil, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	15.47	16.24	17.74	19.48
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	11.58	12.67	13.90	15.22
Food and beverages	10-11	11.41	12.50	13.71	15.00
Food products	10	10.85	11.97	13.25	14.50
Beverages	11	17.16	18.12	18.35	20.09
Tobacco products	12	20.58	23.63	27.76	29.91
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	7.30	7.84	8.45	9.14
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	7.44	8.02	8.60	9.33
Textiles	13	10.15	10.83	12.11	13.20
Wearing apparel	14	6.07	6.71	7.01	7.60
Leather and related products	15	7.00	7.38	8.12	8.73
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	13.17	13.85	15.23	16.30
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	8.24	8.34	9.51	10.60
Paper and paper products	17	18.90	20.50	22.57	23.70
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	12.80	12.81	13.64	14.32
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	31.71	41.09	49.80	55.08
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	30.56	31.96	33.32	35.76
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	29.71	30.56	31.71	34.04
Pharmaceutical products	21	32.82	35.91	37.81	40.59
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	13.12	13.47	14.55	16.19
Rubber and plastics products	22	14.43	14.64	15.88	17.70
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	11.83	12.30	13.24	14.71
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	17.72	18.32	19.81	21.38
Basic metals	24	26.14	27.78	28.93	31.57
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	13.38	13.79	15.33	16.44
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	20.47	23.64	25.74	27.83
Electrical equipment	27	20.01	20.30	24.42	26.40
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	20.31	20.99	23.22	25.40
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	26.79	27.73	30.30	33.25
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	26.58	27.93	29.85	32.76
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	8.17	8.37	9.49	10.38
Other manufacturing	32	10.84	11.51	12.38	13.55
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 7a. Canada, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	32.06	29.59	34.60	36.56
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	26.87	24.64	28.86	30.33
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	22.38	20.77	23.46	24.54
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	22.55	20.93	23.62	24.72
Textiles	13	25.54	23.62	25.94	26.88
Wearing apparel	14	20.40	19.00	21.74	22.76
Leather and related products	15	19.87	18.80	21.58	22.48
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	31.37	28.93	33.83	35.94
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	28.68	26.76	31.27	33.40
Paper and paper products	17	37.18	34.63	41.00	43.96
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	29.31	25.49	29.35	30.89
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	39.94	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	36.29	33.83	39.36	44.20
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	36.03	33.70	39.26	43.47
Pharmaceutical products	21	36.80	34.06	39.54	45.70
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber and plastics products	22	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	33.81	30.38	33.85	38.31
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	34.39	32.56	35.44	38.92
Basic metals	24	38.78	35.85	41.08	44.02
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	32.56	31.11	32.85	36.74
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	34.92	34.96	42.09	42.98
Electrical equipment	27	33.44	29.34	34.37	37.70
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	35.15	31.81	37.90	40.43
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	37.64	33.71	37.33	39.04
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	24.84	23.51	26.22	28.72
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 7b. Canada, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	34.18	33.77	35.63	36.15
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	28.64	28.12	29.72	29.99
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	23.85	23.70	24.16	24.26
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	24.04	23.88	24.32	24.44
Textiles	13	27.22	26.96	26.72	26.58
Wearing apparel	14	21.74	21.68	22.39	22.51
Leather and related products	15	21.19	21.45	22.22	22.22
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	33.44	33.02	34.83	35.54
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	30.57	30.54	32.21	33.03
Paper and paper products	17	39.63	39.52	42.22	43.46
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	31.24	29.08	30.23	30.55
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	42.57	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	38.68	38.60	40.53	43.70
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	38.41	38.46	40.43	42.98
Pharmaceutical products	21	39.23	38.87	40.72	45.18
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber and plastics products	22	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	36.04	34.67	34.86	37.88
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	36.66	37.16	36.49	38.48
Basic metals	24	41.34	40.91	42.30	43.53
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	34.71	35.50	33.83	36.32
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	37.22	39.90	43.35	42.50
Electrical equipment	27	35.64	33.48	35.39	37.28
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	37.47	36.30	39.02	39.98
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	40.12	38.47	38.44	38.60
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	26.48	26.83	27.00	28.39
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 8a. Czech Republic, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	12.23	11.42	11.61	13.13
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	NA	NA	NA	NA
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	NA	NA	NA	NA
Paper and paper products	17	NA	NA	NA	NA
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	NA	NA	NA
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber and plastics products	22	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Basic metals	24	NA	NA	NA	NA
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	NA	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 8b. Czech Republic, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	208.75	217.78	221.67	232.43
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	NA	NA	NA	NA
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	NA	NA	NA	NA
Paper and paper products	17	NA	NA	NA	NA
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	NA	NA	NA
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber and plastics products	22	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Basic metals	24	NA	NA	NA	NA
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	NA	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 9a. Denmark, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	49.70	48.60	47.93	51.67
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	49.27	46.96	45.36	48.36
Food and beverages	10-11	49.21	47.00	45.45	48.49
Food products	10	48.95	46.68	45.11	48.27
Beverages	11	52.12	50.57	49.20	50.87
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	44.68	43.87	43.40	46.58
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	44.42	43.46	43.15	46.21
Textiles	13	44.12	43.19	42.45	46.03
Wearing apparel	14	45.29	44.21	45.16	46.71
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	47.03	45.29	44.55	47.43
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	43.16	41.88	40.39	43.50
Paper and paper products	17	48.62	47.56	47.18	49.87
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	51.21	48.18	48.22	50.96
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	58.63	55.80	55.90	58.99
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	55.35	53.00	53.54	55.96
Pharmaceutical products	21	66.27	63.80	63.43	69.78
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	49.63	48.32	46.88	50.74
Rubber and plastics products	22	49.86	48.81	48.42	52.12
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	49.37	47.75	45.12	49.17
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	45.97	44.50	44.30	47.14
Basic metals	24	44.96	43.41	42.78	45.64
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	46.15	44.70	44.57	47.41
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	51.16	50.40	52.67	56.82
Electrical equipment	27	48.53	47.89	46.25	50.89
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	48.94	48.10	48.63	52.22
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	47.59	46.93	46.77	48.66
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	45.16	44.12	43.45	44.82
Other transport equipment	30	50.12	49.84	50.23	52.65
Furniture	31	44.05	44.45	41.93	43.95
Other manufacturing	32	51.81	50.50	51.25	50.90
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 9b. Denmark, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	252.90	260.36	269.68	276.61
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	250.71	251.59	255.24	258.89
Food and beverages	10-11	250.40	251.79	255.71	259.58
Food products	10	249.07	250.08	253.83	258.42
Beverages	11	265.22	270.90	276.85	272.34
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	227.35	235.04	244.17	249.38
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	226.02	232.85	242.81	247.36
Textiles	13	224.48	231.41	238.84	246.40
Wearing apparel	14	230.46	236.87	254.12	250.09
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	239.29	242.62	250.64	253.93
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	219.64	224.37	227.27	232.86
Paper and paper products	17	247.39	254.81	265.48	267.00
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	260.57	258.12	271.33	272.84
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	298.34	298.94	314.51	315.82
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	281.64	283.97	301.24	299.59
Pharmaceutical products	21	337.23	341.78	356.88	373.56
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	252.55	258.85	263.76	271.66
Rubber and plastics products	22	253.70	261.52	272.43	279.04
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	251.23	255.79	253.86	263.24
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	233.92	238.43	249.27	252.36
Basic metals	24	228.76	232.58	240.69	244.35
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	234.83	239.46	250.80	253.79
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	260.34	270.01	296.32	304.16
Electrical equipment	27	246.96	256.55	260.22	272.43
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	249.03	257.68	273.64	279.54
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	242.18	251.44	263.18	260.52
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	229.79	236.37	244.48	239.94
Other transport equipment	30	255.06	267.01	282.61	281.85
Furniture	31	224.15	238.15	235.90	235.26
Other manufacturing	32	263.61	270.55	288.34	272.48
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 10a. Estonia, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	10.56	9.83	9.42	10.39
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	9.76	9.25	10.04
Food products	10	NA	9.05	8.57	9.30
Beverages	11	NA	15.00	14.77	15.98
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	7.18	6.99	7.78
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	7.18	7.01	7.82
Textiles	13	NA	8.55	8.46	9.45
Wearing apparel	14	NA	6.33	6.07	6.75
Leather and related products	15	NA	7.15	6.82	7.45
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	NA	10.57	10.37	11.47
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	NA	10.26	10.20	11.18
Paper and paper products	17	NA	11.47	10.33	12.52
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	NA	11.55	11.14	12.24
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	12.63	12.32	14.17
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	NA	11.49	11.20	12.69
Rubber and plastics products	22	NA	9.82	9.63	10.84
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	NA	12.91	12.63	14.39
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Basic metals	24	NA	NA	NA	NA
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	NA	12.33	11.47	13.13
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	9.69	9.38	9.98
Electrical equipment	27	NA	10.51	11.07	11.99
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	11.62	11.61	13.37
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	NA	11.25	10.26	11.25
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	NA	8.88	8.53	9.30
Other manufacturing	32	NA	9.78	9.42	10.24
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 10b. Estonia, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	112.91	110.64	111.20	7.46
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	109.84	109.21	7.20
Food products	10	NA	101.92	101.19	6.68
Beverages	11	NA	168.84	174.39	11.47
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	80.86	82.58	5.58
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	80.88	82.78	5.61
Textiles	13	NA	96.23	99.86	6.78
Wearing apparel	14	NA	71.30	71.62	4.84
Leather and related products	15	NA	80.50	80.58	5.35
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	NA	119.02	122.43	8.24
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	NA	115.45	120.38	8.03
Paper and paper products	17	NA	129.09	122.00	8.99
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	NA	129.98	131.48	8.79
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	142.17	145.45	10.17
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	NA	129.35	132.19	9.11
Rubber and plastics products	22	NA	110.58	113.67	7.78
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	NA	145.31	149.15	10.33
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Basic metals	24	NA	NA	NA	NA
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	NA	138.78	135.41	9.43
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	109.07	110.74	7.16
Electrical equipment	27	NA	118.34	130.71	8.61
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	130.86	137.11	9.60
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	NA	126.68	121.13	8.08
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	NA	99.93	100.76	6.67
Other manufacturing	32	NA	110.10	111.28	7.35
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 11a. Finland, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	43.75	44.16	41.75	44.84
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	38.10	38.22	36.31	38.87
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	32.95	31.04	29.97	31.56
Leather and related products	15	29.27	30.01	30.46	32.09
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	43.46	44.73	40.17	NA
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	33.70	36.01	30.85	33.27
Paper and paper products	17	54.12	56.88	51.67	55.59
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	40.58	37.67	36.04	NA
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	52.76	52.41	52.30	56.80
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	52.93	53.32	52.94	57.50
Pharmaceutical products	21	52.39	50.02	50.52	54.87
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	39.80	40.55	38.14	41.45
Rubber and plastics products	22	42.44	41.03	39.13	42.50
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	37.59	40.10	37.24	40.50
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Basic metals	24	NA	NA	NA	NA
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	37.13	38.48	34.78	37.29
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	42.46	42.43	40.40	43.29
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	44.71	43.72	42.18	45.05
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	40.35	39.22	38.10	40.69
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	38.74	36.34	35.30	37.70
Other transport equipment	30	41.56	41.27	40.42	43.17
Furniture	31	33.76	33.06	32.53	34.94
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 11b. Finland, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	29.71	31.69	31.49	32.19
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	25.87	27.43	27.38	27.90
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	22.38	22.28	22.60	22.66
Leather and related products	15	19.87	21.54	22.97	23.03
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	29.51	32.10	30.29	NA
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	22.88	25.84	23.27	23.88
Paper and paper products	17	36.75	40.82	38.97	39.91
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	27.55	27.03	27.17	NA
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	35.83	37.61	39.44	40.78
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	35.94	38.27	39.93	41.28
Pharmaceutical products	21	35.58	35.90	38.09	39.38
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	27.03	29.10	28.76	29.75
Rubber and plastics products	22	28.82	29.44	29.50	30.50
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	25.53	28.77	28.08	29.07
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Basic metals	24	NA	NA	NA	NA
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	25.22	27.62	26.23	26.77
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	28.83	30.45	30.46	31.07
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	30.36	31.37	31.81	32.34
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	27.40	28.14	28.73	29.21
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	26.31	26.08	26.62	27.06
Other transport equipment	30	28.22	29.62	30.48	30.99
Furniture	31	22.93	23.72	24.53	25.08
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 12a. France, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	41.76	40.37	39.12	42.12
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	31.97	30.97	30.06	32.29
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	33.30	32.12	31.08	33.46
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	33.47	32.21	31.11	33.49
Textiles	13	32.67	31.36	30.27	32.63
Wearing apparel	14	34.40	33.21	32.10	34.49
Leather and related products	15	32.87	31.86	30.99	33.47
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	36.59	35.23	34.07	36.57
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	30.72	29.75	28.81	31.01
Paper and paper products	17	39.44	37.96	36.81	39.59
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	38.77	37.23	35.81	38.29
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	56.62	54.95	53.33	57.49
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	54.32	52.64	51.08	55.11
Pharmaceutical products	21	60.73	59.08	57.38	61.77
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	39.25	37.94	36.76	39.61
Rubber and plastics products	22	38.60	37.33	36.21	39.05
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	40.11	38.64	37.36	40.19
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	39.61	38.19	36.96	39.84
Basic metals	24	46.52	44.77	43.36	46.86
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	37.32	35.99	34.82	37.49
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	54.48	52.86	51.29	55.15
Electrical equipment	27	43.59	42.20	41.03	44.26
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	44.13	42.63	41.37	44.56
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	48.01	46.35	44.88	48.37
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	44.97	43.15	41.70	44.86
Other transport equipment	30	53.97	52.58	51.20	55.33
Furniture	31	31.55	30.38	29.33	31.44
Other manufacturing	32	40.64	39.36	38.22	41.14
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 12b. France, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	28.36	28.97	29.50	30.23
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	21.71	22.23	22.66	23.18
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	22.61	23.05	23.43	24.02
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	22.73	23.12	23.46	24.04
Textiles	13	22.19	22.51	22.82	23.42
Wearing apparel	14	23.36	23.83	24.21	24.76
Leather and related products	15	22.32	22.86	23.37	24.02
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	24.85	25.28	25.69	26.25
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	20.86	21.35	21.72	22.26
Paper and paper products	17	26.78	27.24	27.76	28.42
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	26.32	26.71	27.01	27.49
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	38.45	39.43	40.22	41.27
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	36.89	37.78	38.52	39.56
Pharmaceutical products	21	41.24	42.40	43.27	44.34
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	26.65	27.23	27.72	28.43
Rubber and plastics products	22	26.21	26.79	27.30	28.03
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	27.24	27.73	28.17	28.85
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	26.90	27.41	27.87	28.59
Basic metals	24	31.59	32.13	32.70	33.64
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	25.34	25.83	26.26	26.91
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	37.00	37.94	38.68	39.59
Electrical equipment	27	29.60	30.29	30.94	31.77
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	29.97	30.59	31.20	31.98
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	32.60	33.26	33.85	34.72
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	30.54	30.97	31.44	32.20
Other transport equipment	30	36.65	37.73	38.61	39.72
Furniture	31	21.43	21.80	22.12	22.56
Other manufacturing	32	27.60	28.25	28.82	29.53
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 13a. Germany, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	47.53	45.77	43.83	47.38
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	32.28	31.13	29.79	31.82
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	30.17	28.94	27.75	29.67
Beverages	11	44.79	44.06	41.87	44.68
Tobacco products	12	59.93	60.35	59.70	64.52
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	36.06	35.15	33.84	36.53
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	35.56	34.53	33.26	35.68
Textiles	13	34.69	33.35	31.84	34.23
Wearing apparel	14	37.19	36.62	35.92	38.58
Leather and related products	15	38.92	38.64	36.99	40.97
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	40.24	38.52	36.67	38.86
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	34.13	32.54	30.68	32.51
Paper and paper products	17	42.56	40.99	39.55	42.12
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	42.02	40.01	37.75	39.85
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	69.90	68.38	65.02	71.99
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	58.90	56.71	54.49	59.35
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	58.14	56.02	53.67	58.83
Pharmaceutical products	21	61.20	58.77	57.18	61.20
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	38.44	36.94	35.67	38.10
Rubber and plastics products	22	38.17	36.62	35.38	37.98
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	38.95	37.55	36.21	38.34
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	43.74	42.23	40.38	43.16
Basic metals	24	51.42	49.37	46.60	49.98
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	40.64	39.39	37.89	40.49
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	54.36	52.28	50.64	54.48
Electrical equipment	27	50.68	49.10	47.08	50.38
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	51.50	50.06	47.94	51.53
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	59.59	57.70	54.80	60.53
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	59.46	57.31	54.39	60.33
Other transport equipment	30	60.50	60.17	57.54	61.89
Furniture	31	37.63	36.04	34.64	36.71
Other manufacturing	32	40.11	38.96	37.40	40.10
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 13b. Germany, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	32.28	32.84	33.05	34.01
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	21.92	22.34	22.46	22.84
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	20.49	20.76	20.92	21.30
Beverages	11	30.41	31.62	31.57	32.07
Tobacco products	12	40.70	43.31	45.02	46.32
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	24.49	25.22	25.52	26.22
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	24.15	24.78	25.08	25.62
Textiles	13	23.56	23.93	24.01	24.57
Wearing apparel	14	25.26	26.28	27.09	27.69
Leather and related products	15	26.43	27.73	27.90	29.41
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	27.33	27.64	27.65	27.89
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	23.17	23.35	23.13	23.34
Paper and paper products	17	28.90	29.41	29.82	30.23
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	28.54	28.71	28.47	28.60
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	47.47	49.07	49.03	51.68
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	39.99	40.70	41.09	42.60
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	39.48	40.20	40.47	42.23
Pharmaceutical products	21	41.56	42.17	43.12	43.93
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	26.11	26.51	26.90	27.35
Rubber and plastics products	22	25.92	26.28	26.68	27.26
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	26.45	26.94	27.31	27.52
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	29.70	30.30	30.45	30.98
Basic metals	24	34.92	35.43	35.14	35.88
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	27.60	28.27	28.57	29.06
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	36.91	37.52	38.19	39.11
Electrical equipment	27	34.42	35.23	35.50	36.17
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	34.98	35.92	36.15	36.99
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	40.47	41.40	41.32	43.45
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	40.38	41.12	41.02	43.30
Other transport equipment	30	41.09	43.18	43.39	44.43
Furniture	31	25.55	25.87	26.12	26.35
Other manufacturing	32	27.24	27.96	28.20	28.78
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 14a. Greece, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	23.14	22.72	22.36	21.78
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	NA	NA	NA	NA
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	NA	NA	NA	NA
Paper and paper products	17	NA	NA	NA	NA
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	NA	NA	NA
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber and plastics products	22	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Basic metals	24	NA	NA	NA	NA
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	NA	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 14b. Greece, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	15.71	16.31	16.86	15.63
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	NA	NA	NA	NA
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	NA	NA	NA	NA
Paper and paper products	17	NA	NA	NA	NA
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	NA	NA	NA
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber and plastics products	22	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Basic metals	24	NA	NA	NA	NA
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	NA	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 15a. Hungary, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	9.77	8.62	8.39	9.17
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	8.18	6.99	6.61	7.18
Food and beverages	10-11	8.08	6.89	6.52	7.17
Food products	10	7.57	6.45	6.10	6.63
Beverages	11	11.97	10.41	9.76	11.26
Tobacco products	12	17.51	15.90	13.84	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	5.83	5.03	4.89	5.30
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	5.81	5.03	4.89	5.26
Textiles	13	6.98	6.04	5.91	6.33
Wearing apparel	14	5.36	4.59	4.43	4.76
Leather and related products	15	5.87	5.02	4.90	5.38
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	8.52	7.56	7.59	7.99
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	6.66	5.73	5.86	5.89
Paper and paper products	17	11.32	9.97	9.97	10.40
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	8.50	7.40	7.27	8.01
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	27.74	23.97	22.19	25.09
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	16.42	14.89	14.84	15.43
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	14.67	12.88	12.99	13.11
Pharmaceutical products	21	17.86	16.44	16.25	17.33
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	9.79	8.50	8.36	8.96
Rubber and plastics products	22	9.14	7.80	7.63	8.17
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	10.81	9.62	9.74	10.41
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	9.18	8.07	7.74	8.25
Basic metals	24	12.63	11.11	11.22	11.85
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	7.97	7.03	6.56	7.14
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	10.20	9.26	8.81	9.98
Electrical equipment	27	10.06	8.50	7.50	8.29
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	10.03	8.98	9.26	9.92
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	11.46	10.26	9.78	10.94
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	11.51	10.26	9.73	10.88
Other transport equipment	30	10.99	10.32	10.45	11.71
Furniture	31	6.17	5.53	5.44	5.97
Other manufacturing	32	7.59	6.54	6.95	7.50
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 15b. Hungary, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	1,682.02	1,744.66	1,745.28	1,843.11
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	1,408.43	1,414.96	1,374.95	1,442.77
Food and beverages	10-11	1,391.49	1,394.89	1,356.69	1,442.28
Food products	10	1,302.75	1,304.59	1,269.28	1,333.72
Beverages	11	2,060.07	2,106.26	2,028.61	2,264.85
Tobacco products	12	3,014.17	3,216.27	2,877.83	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	1,002.82	1,017.65	1,017.39	1,064.69
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	1,000.03	1,018.15	1,016.11	1,058.41
Textiles	13	1,202.02	1,223.05	1,229.16	1,272.01
Wearing apparel	14	922.18	928.84	921.40	957.79
Leather and related products	15	1,010.69	1,016.43	1,019.85	1,081.22
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	1,466.04	1,529.11	1,577.65	1,605.53
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	1,146.15	1,159.78	1,219.58	1,184.27
Paper and paper products	17	1,948.46	2,017.24	2,072.52	2,090.40
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	1,462.73	1,496.81	1,511.23	1,609.48
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	4,774.60	4,849.46	4,615.31	5,045.39
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	2,826.08	3,012.64	3,086.47	3,101.88
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	2,525.21	2,606.41	2,700.35	2,636.36
Pharmaceutical products	21	3,074.09	3,326.82	3,379.12	3,483.67
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	1,684.64	1,720.70	1,739.41	1,801.09
Rubber and plastics products	22	1,572.98	1,578.80	1,586.93	1,643.56
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	1,860.77	1,947.27	2,024.46	2,092.84
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	1,579.26	1,632.43	1,610.01	1,658.38
Basic metals	24	2,172.96	2,248.69	2,332.81	2,382.77
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	1,371.35	1,423.30	1,364.23	1,436.37
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	1,755.18	1,872.70	1,831.87	2,005.73
Electrical equipment	27	1,730.70	1,719.40	1,559.55	1,666.77
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	1,725.45	1,816.83	1,924.72	1,993.91
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	1,972.14	2,075.94	2,033.13	2,198.81
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	1,981.40	2,075.17	2,024.07	2,187.26
Other transport equipment	30	1,891.69	2,088.41	2,172.35	2,354.38
Furniture	31	1,061.41	1,118.54	1,131.53	1,199.47
Other manufacturing	32	1,307.03	1,323.44	1,444.28	1,508.30
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 16a. Ireland, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	40.53	40.06	38.30	39.83
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	NA	NA	NA	NA
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	27.00	NA	NA	NA
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	NA	NA	NA	NA
Paper and paper products	17	NA	NA	NA	NA
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	37.41	NA	NA	NA
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	NA	NA	NA
Pharmaceutical products	21	62.69	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber and plastics products	22	31.91	NA	NA	NA
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	35.11	NA	NA	NA
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	33.24	NA	NA	NA
Basic metals	24	NA	NA	NA	NA
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	49.93	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	38.00	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	37.03	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	30.89	NA	NA	NA
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 16b. Ireland, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	27.53	28.75	28.88	28.59
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	NA	NA	NA	NA
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	18.34	NA	NA	NA
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	NA	NA	NA	NA
Paper and paper products	17	NA	NA	NA	NA
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	25.40	NA	NA	NA
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	NA	NA	NA
Pharmaceutical products	21	42.57	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber and plastics products	22	21.67	NA	NA	NA
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	23.84	NA	NA	NA
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	22.57	NA	NA	NA
Basic metals	24	NA	NA	NA	NA
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	33.90	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	25.80	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	25.15	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	20.98	NA	NA	NA
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 17a. Israel, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	19.25	18.19	19.59	21.42
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	NA	NA	NA	NA
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	NA	NA	NA	NA
Paper and paper products	17	NA	NA	NA	NA
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	NA	NA	NA
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber and plastics products	22	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Basic metals	24	NA	NA	NA	NA
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	NA	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Note: For additional information on industry definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 17b. Israel, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	69.08	71.55	73.24	76.63
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	NA	NA	NA	NA
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	NA	NA	NA	NA
Paper and paper products	17	NA	NA	NA	NA
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	NA	NA	NA
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber and plastics products	22	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Basic metals	24	NA	NA	NA	NA
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	NA	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Note: For additional information on industry definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 18a. Italy, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	35.11	34.32	33.59	36.17
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	35.33	34.33	33.90	36.29
Food and beverages	10-11	35.25	34.25	33.83	36.18
Food products	10	34.53	33.55	33.13	35.43
Beverages	11	40.57	39.45	38.99	41.70
Tobacco products	12	56.94	55.36	54.76	58.56
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	28.05	27.40	26.85	28.95
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	28.11	27.44	26.91	29.02
Textiles	13	30.79	30.06	29.48	31.79
Wearing apparel	14	25.98	25.36	24.88	26.82
Leather and related products	15	27.88	27.26	26.66	28.71
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	32.38	31.80	30.85	33.17
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	28.14	27.78	27.05	29.47
Paper and paper products	17	34.00	33.14	32.41	34.84
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	35.34	34.77	33.36	35.41
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	53.24	51.39	49.96	53.92
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	47.67	46.41	45.31	48.88
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	43.33	42.24	41.26	44.51
Pharmaceutical products	21	54.41	53.04	51.86	55.99
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	34.15	33.50	32.64	35.33
Rubber and plastics products	22	33.08	32.55	31.83	34.48
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	35.12	34.36	33.42	36.07
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	33.65	32.88	32.17	34.61
Basic metals	24	38.46	37.56	36.78	39.53
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	32.07	31.34	30.69	32.99
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	41.08	40.11	39.28	42.25
Electrical equipment	27	36.73	35.90	35.15	37.82
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	37.70	36.84	36.08	38.78
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	38.28	37.41	36.61	39.41
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	37.93	37.03	36.27	39.01
Other transport equipment	30	38.90	38.01	37.23	40.08
Furniture	31	28.11	27.70	27.01	29.36
Other manufacturing	32	32.72	32.08	31.37	33.89
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 18b. Italy, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	23.84	24.63	25.33	25.96
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	23.99	24.63	25.56	26.05
Food and beverages	10-11	23.94	24.58	25.51	25.97
Food products	10	23.45	24.07	24.98	25.43
Beverages	11	27.55	28.31	29.40	29.94
Tobacco products	12	38.66	39.73	41.29	42.04
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	19.05	19.67	20.25	20.78
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	19.09	19.69	20.30	20.83
Textiles	13	20.91	21.57	22.23	22.82
Wearing apparel	14	17.64	18.20	18.76	19.25
Leather and related products	15	18.93	19.56	20.10	20.61
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	21.99	22.82	23.26	23.81
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	19.11	19.94	20.40	21.16
Paper and paper products	17	23.09	23.78	24.44	25.01
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	24.00	24.95	25.15	25.42
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	36.15	36.88	37.68	38.70
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	32.37	33.30	34.17	35.09
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	29.42	30.31	31.12	31.95
Pharmaceutical products	21	36.95	38.06	39.11	40.19
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	23.19	24.04	24.61	25.36
Rubber and plastics products	22	22.46	23.36	24.00	24.75
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	23.85	24.65	25.20	25.90
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	22.85	23.60	24.26	24.84
Basic metals	24	26.12	26.95	27.74	28.38
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	21.78	22.49	23.14	23.68
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	27.90	28.78	29.62	30.33
Electrical equipment	27	24.94	25.76	26.51	27.15
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	25.60	26.44	27.21	27.84
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	26.00	26.85	27.61	28.29
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	25.75	26.57	27.35	28.01
Other transport equipment	30	26.41	27.28	28.07	28.77
Furniture	31	19.09	19.88	20.37	21.07
Other manufacturing	32	22.22	23.02	23.65	24.33
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 19a. Japan, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	27.48	30.03	31.75	35.71
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	18.63	20.60	22.28	24.86
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	NA	NA	NA	NA
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	21.48	23.71
Textiles	13	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	23.20	25.01	26.57	29.40
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	19.15	21.08	23.04	24.96
Paper and paper products	17	25.43	27.40	29.36	32.09
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	23.09	24.74	25.96	29.17
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	NA	NA	NA
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	24.46	26.98	29.36	33.14
Rubber and plastics products	22	23.64	26.17	28.84	32.48
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	25.86	28.38	30.17	34.19
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	28.19	30.75	31.27	35.27
Basic metals	24	34.76	37.19	37.14	42.17
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	23.97	26.73	27.48	30.80
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	NA	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	32.82	35.66	37.21	42.37
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	21.07	23.86	23.96	27.43
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Note: For additional information on industry definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 19b. Japan, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	2,840.73	2,812.92	2,787.43	2,846.02
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	1,926.59	1,929.87	1,955.52	1,980.87
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	NA	NA	NA	NA
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	1,885.69	1,889.43
Textiles	13	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	2,398.91	2,343.10	2,332.16	2,343.02
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	1,979.77	1,974.90	2,022.77	1,988.92
Paper and paper products	17	2,628.90	2,566.96	2,577.55	2,557.07
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	2,387.65	2,317.87	2,278.81	2,324.39
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	NA	NA	NA
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	2,528.51	2,527.70	2,577.24	2,640.77
Rubber and plastics products	22	2,443.93	2,451.86	2,531.90	2,588.83
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	2,673.36	2,659.16	2,648.12	2,725.07
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	2,914.51	2,881.10	2,744.75	2,810.85
Basic metals	24	3,593.47	3,484.10	3,259.88	3,361.12
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	2,478.56	2,504.10	2,412.02	2,454.97
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	NA	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	3,392.92	3,340.60	3,266.05	3,376.59
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	2,178.60	2,235.11	2,103.25	2,185.85
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Note: For additional information on industry definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 20a. Korea (Republic of), Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	16.85	15.06	17.73	18.91
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	14.06	12.53	14.88	15.19
Food and beverages	10-11	13.78	12.28	14.62	14.92
Food products	10	13.35	11.89	14.09	14.48
Beverages	11	18.64	17.11	21.57	20.58
Tobacco products	12	41.54	37.64	40.61	41.08
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	11.35	10.68	12.23	13.70
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	11.17	10.61	12.13	13.66
Textiles	13	10.70	10.36	11.69	12.51
Wearing apparel	14	11.73	10.90	12.66	15.10
Leather and related products	15	12.96	11.34	13.11	14.03
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	12.61	11.56	13.03	15.33
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	12.30	11.38	12.44	14.75
Paper and paper products	17	13.49	12.78	14.38	16.73
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	11.65	10.11	11.59	13.74
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	21.02	18.15	20.65	23.13
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber and plastics products	22	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	17.08	15.18	17.47	19.54
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Basic metals	24	19.83	16.89	20.04	21.43
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	NA	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	21.99	19.01	23.42	24.26
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	20.83	18.79	23.43	22.79
Other transport equipment	30	24.04	19.38	23.31	27.09
Furniture	31	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other manufacturing	32	13.12	12.09	14.23	13.27
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 20b. Korea (Republic of), Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	18,509.06	19,192.54	20,492.46	20,933.61
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	15,452.73	15,974.35	17,193.46	16,810.29
Food and beverages	10-11	15,137.65	15,655.73	16,901.95	16,515.45
Food products	10	14,670.43	15,160.59	16,288.04	16,026.61
Beverages	11	20,476.04	21,810.18	24,928.14	22,776.61
Tobacco products	12	45,638.96	47,971.04	46,930.29	45,471.93
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	12,469.37	13,615.05	14,130.96	15,159.73
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	12,277.99	13,525.03	14,020.09	15,120.53
Textiles	13	11,756.88	13,207.38	13,515.25	13,851.82
Wearing apparel	14	12,892.21	13,897.54	14,629.00	16,717.78
Leather and related products	15	14,241.26	14,455.62	15,150.82	15,529.45
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	13,856.06	14,737.72	15,063.61	16,971.62
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	13,511.84	14,502.27	14,374.82	16,326.30
Paper and paper products	17	14,819.00	16,287.98	16,619.57	18,515.39
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	12,804.65	12,891.56	13,400.48	15,210.03
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	23,092.99	23,129.36	23,871.04	25,601.57
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber and plastics products	22	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	18,760.47	19,342.74	20,193.38	21,630.44
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Basic metals	24	21,790.45	21,525.96	23,166.26	23,723.21
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	NA	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	24,157.69	24,236.64	27,063.37	26,850.48
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	22,887.47	23,945.75	27,073.25	25,223.16
Other transport equipment	30	26,414.06	24,706.84	26,943.56	29,981.95
Furniture	31	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other manufacturing	32	14,412.75	15,407.46	16,447.44	14,685.33
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 21a. Mexico, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	6.47	5.70	6.14	6.48
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	5.43	4.70	5.19	5.56
Food products	10	5.22	4.55	5.14	5.54
Beverages	11	6.10	5.21	5.39	5.64
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	3.32	2.85	3.14	3.34
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	3.38	2.95	3.25	3.42
Textiles	13	3.91	3.44	3.78	3.92
Wearing apparel	14	2.85	2.48	2.77	2.95
Leather and related products	15	3.18	2.61	2.88	3.16
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	4.81	4.21	4.68	4.91
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	2.74	2.44	2.71	2.76
Paper and paper products	17	5.29	4.58	5.10	5.38
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	4.76	4.19	4.56	4.77
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	14.81	12.72	14.26	15.18
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	11.32	9.73	10.61	11.24
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	9.99	8.83	9.68	10.24
Pharmaceutical products	21	14.68	12.02	12.97	13.72
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	5.73	5.05	5.56	5.74
Rubber and plastics products	22	4.96	4.31	4.62	4.86
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	6.58	5.87	6.69	6.73
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	7.27	6.48	6.83	6.95
Basic metals	24	8.58	7.43	7.80	8.40
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	6.00	5.47	5.82	5.57
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	5.56	4.77	5.12	5.21
Electrical equipment	27	6.21	5.78	5.83	6.11
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	6.53	6.08	6.34	6.67
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	8.69	8.01	7.95	8.15
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	8.70	8.01	7.96	8.15
Other transport equipment	30	7.98	7.88	7.92	8.12
Furniture	31	3.79	3.34	3.59	3.90
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 21b. Mexico, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	72.13	76.93	77.52	80.57
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	60.46	63.38	65.56	69.08
Food products	10	58.22	61.35	64.88	68.82
Beverages	11	68.00	70.34	68.04	70.09
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	37.02	38.53	39.64	41.56
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	37.61	39.80	40.98	42.55
Textiles	13	43.62	46.45	47.68	48.67
Wearing apparel	14	31.77	33.51	34.93	36.60
Leather and related products	15	35.42	35.26	36.30	39.31
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	53.60	56.86	59.05	61.07
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	30.57	32.92	34.18	34.27
Paper and paper products	17	58.93	61.81	64.34	66.88
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	53.02	56.60	57.55	59.30
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	164.98	171.69	180.01	188.67
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	126.17	131.39	133.99	139.65
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	111.29	119.21	122.25	127.27
Pharmaceutical products	21	163.59	162.21	163.71	170.55
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	63.83	68.17	70.21	71.37
Rubber and plastics products	22	55.21	58.14	58.27	60.43
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	73.37	79.30	84.43	83.69
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	80.98	87.41	86.26	86.43
Basic metals	24	95.65	100.34	98.43	104.37
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	66.88	73.79	73.41	69.22
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	61.94	64.34	64.59	64.72
Electrical equipment	27	69.22	78.07	73.58	75.95
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	72.81	82.10	79.99	82.84
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	96.82	108.07	100.42	101.28
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	96.91	108.06	100.47	101.30
Other transport equipment	30	88.91	106.37	99.99	100.91
Furniture	31	42.20	45.10	45.33	48.46
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 22a. Netherlands, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	43.09	41.39	39.54	42.26
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	45.06	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	44.02	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	42.67	NA	NA	NA
Beverages	11	57.29	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	63.61	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	38.91	NA	NA	NA
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	39.49	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	39.78	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	38.12	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	35.39	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	41.63	NA	NA	NA
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	35.62	NA	NA	NA
Paper and paper products	17	45.98	NA	NA	NA
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	41.53	NA	NA	NA
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	79.03	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	61.33	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	62.04	NA	NA	NA
Pharmaceutical products	21	59.13	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	41.20	NA	NA	NA
Rubber and plastics products	22	40.19	NA	NA	NA
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	42.29	NA	NA	NA
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	41.13	NA	NA	NA
Basic metals	24	50.12	NA	NA	NA
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	38.28	NA	NA	NA
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	51.14	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	46.47	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	44.49	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	42.38	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	42.33	NA	NA	NA
Other transport equipment	30	42.44	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	35.13	NA	NA	NA
Other manufacturing	32	31.37	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 22b. Netherlands, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	29.26	29.70	29.82	30.34
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	30.60	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	29.89	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	28.97	NA	NA	NA
Beverages	11	38.90	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	43.20	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	26.42	NA	NA	NA
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	26.82	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	27.01	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	25.88	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	24.03	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	28.27	NA	NA	NA
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	24.19	NA	NA	NA
Paper and paper products	17	31.23	NA	NA	NA
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	28.20	NA	NA	NA
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	53.67	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	41.65	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	42.13	NA	NA	NA
Pharmaceutical products	21	40.15	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	27.98	NA	NA	NA
Rubber and plastics products	22	27.29	NA	NA	NA
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	28.72	NA	NA	NA
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	27.93	NA	NA	NA
Basic metals	24	34.03	NA	NA	NA
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	25.99	NA	NA	NA
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	34.73	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	31.56	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	30.21	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	28.78	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	28.75	NA	NA	NA
Other transport equipment	30	28.82	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	23.86	NA	NA	NA
Other manufacturing	32	21.30	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 23a. New Zealand, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	19.15	17.47	20.42	23.38
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	NA	NA	NA	NA
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	NA	NA	NA	NA
Paper and paper products	17	NA	NA	NA	NA
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	NA	NA	NA
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber and plastics products	22	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Basic metals	24	NA	NA	NA	NA
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	NA	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 23b. New Zealand, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	26.78	27.48	28.29	29.52
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	NA	NA	NA	NA
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	NA	NA	NA	NA
Paper and paper products	17	NA	NA	NA	NA
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	NA	NA	NA
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber and plastics products	22	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Basic metals	24	NA	NA	NA	NA
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	NA	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 24a. Norway, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	56.82	52.90	57.13	64.15
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	NA	NA	NA	NA
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	45.10	42.68	46.01	52.64
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	45.83	42.24	45.54	50.29
Paper and paper products	17	54.27	50.18	53.72	59.58
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	55.60	50.81	55.42	62.99
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	60.78	66.89	75.37
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	60.63	65.52	73.84
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	53.66	49.47	53.69	60.14
Rubber and plastics products	22	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Basic metals	24	60.53	55.72	60.15	67.51
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	52.88	49.45	53.36	60.70
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	NA	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	64.94	60.25	64.80	71.76
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	63.04	59.46	63.78	71.74
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 24b. Norway, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	320.24	332.75	345.33	359.40
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	NA	NA	NA	NA
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	254.18	268.49	278.14	294.91
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	258.34	265.72	275.30	281.72
Paper and paper products	17	305.88	315.66	324.74	333.78
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	313.37	319.64	335.01	352.87
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	382.36	404.35	422.22
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	381.42	396.06	413.64
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	302.48	311.23	324.56	336.89
Rubber and plastics products	22	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Basic metals	24	341.16	350.55	363.63	378.22
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	298.05	311.09	322.59	340.06
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	NA	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	366.04	379.02	391.71	402.00
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	355.33	374.04	385.55	401.90
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 25a. Philippines, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	1.75	1.70	1.88	2.01
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	NA	NA	NA	NA
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	NA	NA	NA	NA
Paper and paper products	17	NA	NA	NA	NA
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	NA	NA	NA
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber and plastics products	22	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Basic metals	24	NA	NA	NA	NA
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	NA	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Note: For additional information on industry definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 25b. Philippines, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	77.66	80.99	84.61	87.08
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	NA	NA	NA	NA
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	NA	NA	NA	NA
Paper and paper products	17	NA	NA	NA	NA
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	NA	NA	NA
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber and plastics products	22	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Basic metals	24	NA	NA	NA	NA
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	NA	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Note: For additional information on industry definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 26a. Poland, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	9.60	7.72	8.30	8.83
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	8.98	7.27	7.70	8.20
Food and beverages	10-11	8.86	7.17	7.60	8.10
Food products	10	8.48	6.83	7.30	7.77
Beverages	11	13.55	11.39	11.73	12.84
Tobacco products	12	15.63	13.30	13.67	15.39
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	5.84	4.78	5.19	5.42
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	5.84	4.79	5.20	5.42
Textiles	13	7.09	5.90	6.25	6.50
Wearing apparel	14	5.32	4.34	4.72	4.91
Leather and related products	15	5.85	4.72	5.14	5.45
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	8.80	7.09	7.55	8.07
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	7.39	5.90	6.25	6.62
Paper and paper products	17	10.41	8.51	9.14	9.46
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	10.70	8.60	9.20	10.10
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	19.35	14.77	17.26	18.55
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	13.56	10.99	11.66	12.20
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	12.65	10.03	10.85	11.46
Pharmaceutical products	21	16.11	13.74	14.14	14.60
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	9.75	7.83	8.44	8.90
Rubber and plastics products	22	9.45	7.59	8.25	8.66
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	10.19	8.18	8.75	9.29
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	10.03	8.02	8.56	9.28
Basic metals	24	12.08	9.51	10.05	10.91
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	9.46	7.61	8.16	8.85
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	10.20	7.79	8.48	8.74
Electrical equipment	27	9.73	8.02	8.83	9.59
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	10.75	8.53	9.15	9.78
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	10.90	8.70	9.44	10.09
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	10.67	8.68	9.51	10.07
Other transport equipment	30	11.57	8.78	9.21	10.19
Furniture	31	7.64	6.09	6.54	6.80
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 26b. Poland, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	23.12	24.09	25.04	26.17
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	21.63	22.70	23.22	24.31
Food and beverages	10-11	21.34	22.37	22.93	24.00
Food products	10	20.42	21.31	22.02	23.02
Beverages	11	32.63	35.54	35.37	38.04
Tobacco products	12	37.65	41.49	41.21	45.59
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	14.06	14.90	15.65	16.06
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	14.06	14.94	15.68	16.05
Textiles	13	17.09	18.40	18.83	19.27
Wearing apparel	14	12.82	13.54	14.25	14.55
Leather and related products	15	14.10	14.72	15.51	16.14
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	21.19	22.12	22.78	23.92
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	17.81	18.40	18.84	19.61
Paper and paper products	17	25.07	26.56	27.55	28.03
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	25.77	26.83	27.74	29.92
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	46.63	46.09	52.05	54.96
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	32.68	34.30	35.16	36.15
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	30.47	31.29	32.72	33.94
Pharmaceutical products	21	38.82	42.88	42.63	43.25
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	23.49	24.43	25.46	26.37
Rubber and plastics products	22	22.76	23.67	24.86	25.64
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	24.56	25.53	26.38	27.53
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	24.17	25.02	25.82	27.51
Basic metals	24	29.11	29.67	30.30	32.33
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	22.80	23.73	24.62	26.23
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	24.57	24.29	25.56	25.89
Electrical equipment	27	23.44	25.03	26.63	28.42
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	25.89	26.62	27.60	28.98
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	26.26	27.15	28.46	29.90
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	25.72	27.08	28.66	29.83
Other transport equipment	30	27.88	27.38	27.78	30.20
Furniture	31	18.40	18.99	19.71	20.13
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 27a. Portugal, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	12.61	12.34	11.94	13.15
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	12.13	11.30	12.85
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	NA	NA	NA	NA
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	9.04	8.84	9.68
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	NA	NA	NA	NA
Paper and paper products	17	NA	NA	NA	NA
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	NA	NA	NA
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber and plastics products	22	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	NA	13.52	12.95	13.93
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	NA	12.16	11.82	13.30
Basic metals	24	NA	NA	NA	NA
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	NA	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 27b. Portugal, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	8.56	8.86	9.00	9.44
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	8.70	8.52	9.23
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	NA	NA	NA	NA
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	6.48	6.67	6.95
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	NA	NA	NA	NA
Paper and paper products	17	NA	NA	NA	NA
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	NA	NA	NA
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber and plastics products	22	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	NA	9.70	9.77	10.00
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	NA	8.72	8.91	9.55
Basic metals	24	NA	NA	NA	NA
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	NA	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 28a. Singapore, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	18.87	17.54	19.10	22.60
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	15.47
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	NA	NA	NA	NA
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	NA	NA	NA	NA
Paper and paper products	17	NA	NA	NA	NA
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	NA	NA	NA
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber and plastics products	22	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Basic metals	24	NA	NA	NA	NA
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	NA	NA	23.69
Electrical equipment	27	NA	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	NA	NA	NA	19.62
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 28b. Singapore, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	26.69	25.51	26.03	28.40
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	19.44
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	NA	NA	NA	NA
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	NA	NA	NA	NA
Paper and paper products	17	NA	NA	NA	NA
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	NA	NA	NA
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber and plastics products	22	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Basic metals	24	NA	NA	NA	NA
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	NA	NA	29.77
Electrical equipment	27	NA	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	NA	NA	NA	24.65
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 29a. Slovakia, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	10.72	11.24	10.72	11.77
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	9.33	9.42	9.46	9.90
Food products	10	8.89	8.90	8.94	9.37
Beverages	11	11.65	12.18	12.33	13.02
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	6.56	7.00	6.62	7.33
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	6.36	6.72	6.38	7.10
Textiles	13	7.63	8.30	7.77	8.39
Wearing apparel	14	5.98	6.25	5.93	6.59
Leather and related products	15	7.01	7.60	7.04	7.72
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	10.16	10.44	10.53	11.06
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	7.96	8.21	8.21	8.85
Paper and paper products	17	12.38	12.56	12.86	13.04
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	10.66	10.24	10.03	11.10
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	26.31	27.41	25.19	28.15
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	12.99	13.54	12.40	13.81
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	12.82	13.17	11.95	13.51
Pharmaceutical products	21	13.59	14.94	14.10	15.03
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	10.90	11.38	10.90	11.91
Rubber and plastics products	22	10.38	10.85	10.51	11.35
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	11.59	12.16	11.54	12.86
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	13.17	13.36	12.74	13.57
Basic metals	24	17.29	16.89	15.75	16.41
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	10.17	10.80	10.22	11.33
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	9.69	9.68	9.46	10.77
Electrical equipment	27	9.21	10.34	9.72	10.95
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	11.22	11.97	11.06	12.37
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	11.58	12.35	11.15	12.49
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	11.65	12.53	11.27	12.60
Other transport equipment	30	10.69	10.17	9.45	11.12
Furniture	31	8.92	9.09	8.40	9.13
Other manufacturing	32	9.22	9.31	9.44	10.24
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 29b. Slovakia, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	229.07	8.07	8.08	8.45
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	199.38	6.76	7.14	7.10
Food products	10	189.96	6.38	6.74	6.72
Beverages	11	248.95	8.74	9.30	9.34
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	140.03	5.02	4.99	5.26
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	135.86	4.82	4.81	5.10
Textiles	13	163.05	5.96	5.86	6.02
Wearing apparel	14	127.82	4.48	4.47	4.73
Leather and related products	15	149.68	5.46	5.31	5.54
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	217.12	7.49	7.94	7.94
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	170.11	5.89	6.19	6.35
Paper and paper products	17	264.51	9.02	9.70	9.36
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	227.64	7.35	7.56	7.97
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	562.09	19.67	19.00	20.20
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	277.43	9.72	9.35	9.91
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	273.96	9.45	9.01	9.70
Pharmaceutical products	21	290.26	10.72	10.63	10.79
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	232.76	8.17	8.22	8.55
Rubber and plastics products	22	221.66	7.79	7.93	8.15
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	247.64	8.73	8.70	9.23
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	281.35	9.59	9.61	9.74
Basic metals	24	369.39	12.12	11.88	11.78
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	217.30	7.75	7.71	8.13
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	206.97	6.94	7.13	7.73
Electrical equipment	27	196.72	7.42	7.33	7.86
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	239.74	8.59	8.34	8.88
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	247.38	8.87	8.41	8.97
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	248.84	8.99	8.50	9.04
Other transport equipment	30	228.32	7.30	7.13	7.98
Furniture	31	190.61	6.52	6.33	6.56
Other manufacturing	32	197.00	6.68	7.12	7.35
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 30a. Spain, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	27.75	27.86	26.66	28.44
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	23.37	23.54	22.89	24.21
Food and beverages	10-11	23.02	23.18	22.55	23.85
Food products	10	21.56	21.89	21.25	22.58
Beverages	11	33.41	32.34	31.66	32.74
Tobacco products	12	52.83	53.35	50.07	52.54
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	19.90	20.26	19.55	20.73
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	20.56	21.24	20.70	21.69
Textiles	13	22.01	22.23	20.90	22.29
Wearing apparel	14	19.32	20.40	20.52	21.18
Leather and related products	15	17.57	16.80	15.54	17.27
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	25.16	25.01	23.45	26.10
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	21.04	20.85	19.82	22.16
Paper and paper products	17	31.21	30.45	29.29	32.25
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	24.60	24.77	22.53	25.18
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	57.57	54.91	54.61	57.08
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	40.15	39.68	37.54	39.44
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	37.02	37.39	34.54	37.42
Pharmaceutical products	21	46.12	44.11	43.38	43.31
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	28.68	28.10	27.16	28.52
Rubber and plastics products	22	29.08	28.29	27.07	28.97
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	28.41	27.97	27.22	28.22
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	28.31	27.54	26.20	27.73
Basic metals	24	35.44	31.20	29.92	32.75
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	26.17	26.44	25.06	26.20
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	31.30	35.94	32.56	33.23
Electrical equipment	27	30.76	31.44	28.65	32.26
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	30.19	29.86	27.77	29.83
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	35.36	34.95	33.56	35.43
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	34.42	34.33	32.90	34.51
Other transport equipment	30	38.80	37.07	35.96	38.80
Furniture	31	20.08	20.67	19.95	21.86
Other manufacturing	32	22.72	25.04	23.25	25.01
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 30b. Spain, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	18.84	19.99	20.11	20.41
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	15.87	16.89	17.26	17.37
Food and beverages	10-11	15.63	16.64	17.00	17.12
Food products	10	14.64	15.71	16.02	16.21
Beverages	11	22.68	23.21	23.87	23.50
Tobacco products	12	35.88	38.28	37.76	37.71
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	13.52	14.54	14.74	14.88
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	13.96	15.24	15.61	15.57
Textiles	13	14.95	15.95	15.76	16.00
Wearing apparel	14	13.12	14.64	15.47	15.20
Leather and related products	15	11.93	12.05	11.72	12.39
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	17.08	17.95	17.69	18.73
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	14.29	14.96	14.95	15.91
Paper and paper products	17	21.19	21.85	22.08	23.15
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	16.71	17.78	16.99	18.07
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	39.09	39.40	41.18	40.97
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	27.26	28.48	28.31	28.31
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	25.14	26.83	26.05	26.86
Pharmaceutical products	21	31.32	31.65	32.71	31.09
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	19.47	20.16	20.48	20.48
Rubber and plastics products	22	19.75	20.30	20.42	20.80
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	19.29	20.07	20.53	20.25
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	19.23	19.76	19.76	19.90
Basic metals	24	24.07	22.39	22.57	23.51
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	17.77	18.97	18.89	18.80
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	21.25	25.79	24.55	23.85
Electrical equipment	27	20.89	22.56	21.60	23.16
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	20.50	21.43	20.94	21.42
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	24.01	25.08	25.31	25.43
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	23.37	24.64	24.81	24.77
Other transport equipment	30	26.35	26.60	27.12	27.85
Furniture	31	13.64	14.83	15.04	15.69
Other manufacturing	32	15.43	17.97	17.53	17.95
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 31a. Sweden, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	44.45	40.92	43.49	49.12
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	40.87	35.15	36.91	41.34
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	NA	NA	NA	NA
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	36.70	34.45	36.41	40.01
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	40.23	36.70	38.89	43.92
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	36.11	33.24	35.03	39.37
Paper and paper products	17	44.18	40.21	42.64	48.17
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	39.67	34.96	37.90	42.80
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	55.63	50.60	52.03	62.50
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	61.90	57.52	60.12	66.82
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	NA	NA	NA
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	39.60	35.96	37.80	42.70
Rubber and plastics products	22	39.07	35.50	37.32	42.06
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	40.56	36.69	38.56	43.46
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	40.21	36.69	40.01	45.04
Basic metals	24	45.55	40.89	44.78	52.01
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	37.83	34.71	37.57	41.45
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	NA	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	46.11	41.56	44.30	50.43
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 31b. Sweden, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	292.67	313.19	313.33	318.69
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	269.12	269.06	265.94	268.21
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	NA	NA	NA	NA
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	241.68	263.71	262.36	259.61
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	264.87	280.88	280.25	284.94
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	237.76	254.44	252.44	255.43
Paper and paper products	17	290.89	307.76	307.20	312.52
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	261.24	267.55	273.10	277.65
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	366.28	387.30	374.90	405.48
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	407.59	440.22	433.22	433.54
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	NA	NA	NA
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	260.73	275.20	272.34	277.03
Rubber and plastics products	22	257.26	271.71	268.89	272.90
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	267.05	280.82	277.85	281.97
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	264.77	280.84	288.29	292.22
Basic metals	24	299.92	312.94	322.63	337.44
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	249.07	265.63	270.73	268.92
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	NA	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	303.61	318.07	319.21	327.20
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 32a. Switzerland, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	49.23	50.54	51.10	60.40
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	NA	NA	NA	NA
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	NA	NA	NA	NA
Paper and paper products	17	NA	NA	NA	NA
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	NA	NA	NA
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber and plastics products	22	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Basic metals	24	NA	NA	NA	NA
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	NA	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 32b. Switzerland, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	53.25	54.89	53.31	53.53
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	NA	NA	NA	NA
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wearing apparel	14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	NA	NA	NA	NA
Paper and paper products	17	NA	NA	NA	NA
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	NA	NA	NA
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber and plastics products	22	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	NA	NA	NA	NA
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Basic metals	24	NA	NA	NA	NA
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	NA	NA	NA	NA
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	NA	NA	NA	NA
Electrical equipment	27	NA	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other transport equipment	30	NA	NA	NA	NA
Furniture	31	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other manufacturing	32	NA	NA	NA	NA
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 33a. Taiwan, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	8.68	7.77	8.37	9.34
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	NA	NA	NA	NA
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	7.23	6.80	6.72	7.35
Wearing apparel	14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	NA	NA	NA	NA
Paper and paper products	17	7.40	6.18	6.73	7.81
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	6.76	6.24	6.55	7.33
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	19.28	16.78	18.66	21.28
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	NA	NA	NA
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	7.22	6.66	7.06	7.77
Rubber and plastics products	22	7.09	6.58	7.02	7.74
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	7.54	6.87	7.17	7.86
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	7.98	7.03	7.54	8.39
Basic metals	24	11.83	9.51	10.76	11.92
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	6.82	6.24	6.51	7.25
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	10.31	8.97	9.85	11.13
Electrical equipment	27	NA	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	9.05	8.46	8.76	9.80
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	9.54	8.60	8.78	9.89
Other transport equipment	30	8.54	8.32	8.74	9.70
Furniture	31	6.11	5.94	6.13	6.76
Other manufacturing	32	7.53	6.87	7.39	8.37
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Note: For additional information on industry definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 33b. Taiwan, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	273.70	256.59	263.54	274.45
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food and beverages	10-11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Food products	10	NA	NA	NA	NA
Beverages	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tobacco products	12	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles	13	228.03	224.62	211.70	215.91
Wearing apparel	14	NA	NA	NA	NA
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	NA	NA	NA	NA
Paper and paper products	17	233.29	204.08	211.84	229.57
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	212.96	206.20	206.24	215.28
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	607.85	554.16	587.90	625.16
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	NA	NA	NA	NA
Pharmaceutical products	21	NA	NA	NA	NA
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	227.43	219.93	222.50	228.43
Rubber and plastics products	22	223.46	217.26	221.11	227.39
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	237.54	226.82	225.92	230.84
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	251.52	232.08	237.63	246.58
Basic metals	24	372.86	314.06	338.80	350.14
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	215.06	206.10	205.19	212.93
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	325.05	296.24	310.27	326.93
Electrical equipment	27	NA	NA	NA	NA
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	285.28	279.41	275.87	287.92
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	300.68	283.97	276.44	290.51
Other transport equipment	30	269.15	274.58	275.44	284.96
Furniture	31	192.67	196.26	193.05	198.73
Other manufacturing	32	237.38	226.94	232.61	245.96
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Note: For additional information on industry definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 34a. United Kingdom, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	34.20	29.47	29.11	30.77
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	30.62	26.14	25.52	26.01
Food and beverages	10-11	30.36	25.89	25.27	25.76
Food products	10	28.58	24.77	24.21	24.61
Beverages	11	44.00	36.20	35.11	36.71
Tobacco products	12	52.56	47.11	46.60	46.97
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	25.73	22.23	21.62	24.06
Textiles	13	26.13	22.91	22.51	24.65
Wearing apparel	14	24.74	20.61	19.41	22.60
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	31.78	27.67	26.70	28.43
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	25.98	23.99	22.26	23.21
Paper and paper products	17	34.63	30.18	30.07	32.15
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	33.31	28.14	27.01	29.03
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	71.50	61.46	50.27	52.12
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	39.56	34.15	35.52	37.87
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	36.53	32.01	33.49	36.89
Pharmaceutical products	21	45.32	37.72	39.52	39.86
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	30.25	26.81	26.77	27.94
Rubber and plastics products	22	29.50	26.41	25.99	27.26
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	31.48	27.40	27.90	29.07
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	31.34	27.24	27.64	28.97
Basic metals	24	35.93	30.68	32.50	32.10
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	29.72	26.21	26.04	28.10
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	45.08	33.99	34.38	37.83
Electrical equipment	27	32.36	27.43	27.54	29.05
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	35.16	30.10	29.26	32.48
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	39.41	34.78	34.78	36.99
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	37.33	32.86	32.71	34.87
Other transport equipment	30	42.10	36.26	36.68	38.86
Furniture	31	26.76	23.19	23.99	24.76
Other manufacturing	32	32.69	27.12	26.78	28.09
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Table 34b. United Kingdom, Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, National currency, 2008-2011
Industry	ISIC Rev.4 Code	2008	2009	2010	2011
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)	C	18.44	18.82	18.84	19.18
Food products, beverages and tobacco	10-12	16.51	16.69	16.51	16.21
Food and beverages	10-11	16.37	16.53	16.36	16.06
Food products	10	15.41	15.82	15.67	15.34
Beverages	11	23.72	23.11	22.72	22.88
Tobacco products	12	28.34	30.08	30.16	29.28
Textiles, wearing apparel and leather	13-15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Textiles and wearing apparel	13-14	13.87	14.19	13.99	15.00
Textiles	13	14.09	14.63	14.57	15.37
Wearing apparel	14	13.34	13.16	12.56	14.09
Leather and related products	15	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wood and paper products and printing	16-18	17.14	17.67	17.28	17.72
Wood and wood products, except furniture	16	14.01	15.32	14.40	14.47
Paper and paper products	17	18.67	19.27	19.46	20.04
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	18	17.96	17.97	17.48	18.09
Coke and refined petroleum products	19	38.56	39.24	32.53	32.49
Chemicals and pharmaceutical products	20-21	21.33	21.81	22.99	23.61
Chemicals and chemical products, except pharmaceuticals	20	19.70	20.44	21.68	22.99
Pharmaceutical products	21	24.44	24.08	25.58	24.84
Rubber, plastics and other non-metallic mineral products	22-23	16.31	17.12	17.32	17.41
Rubber and plastics products	22	15.90	16.86	16.82	16.99
Other non-metallic mineral products	23	16.98	17.49	18.05	18.12
Primary and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	24-25	16.90	17.39	17.89	18.06
Basic metals	24	19.38	19.59	21.03	20.01
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	25	16.03	16.73	16.85	17.52
Computer, electronic and optical products	26	24.31	21.70	22.25	23.58
Electrical equipment	27	17.45	17.51	17.83	18.11
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.	28	18.96	19.22	18.94	20.25
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	29-30	21.25	22.21	22.51	23.06
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	29	20.13	20.98	21.17	21.73
Other transport equipment	30	22.70	23.15	23.74	24.22
Furniture	31	14.43	14.81	15.52	15.43
Other manufacturing	32	17.63	17.32	17.33	17.51
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf NA means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, April 2013

Last updated April 24, 2013

International Labor Comparisons

International Labor Comparisons

International Comparisons of Hourly Compensation Costs in Manufacturing Industries, by Country, 2008-2011

Tables by country, ISIC basis, U.S. dollars and national currrency

Inquiries and Feedback

Elimination of ILC

Related Links:

tools

calculators

help

info

resources