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13-436-ATL
Thursday, March 28, 2013
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Minimum Wage Workers in North Carolina–2012
Of the 2.2 million workers paid hourly rates in North Carolina in 2012, 74,000 earned exactly the prevailing federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour, while 63,000 earned less, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Janet S. Rankin noted that the 137,000 workers earning the federal minimum wage or less made up 6.2 percent of all hourly-paid workers in the state. Nationwide, those earning the federal minimum or less accounted for 4.7 percent of the hourly-paid workforce. (The North Carolina minimum wage is equal to the prevailing federal minimum wage.)
In 2007, 46,000 hourly-paid workers earned the prevailing federal minimum wage or less in North Carolina—the lowest level since data were first available in 1998. (See chart 1). It was also in 2007 that the federal minimum wage began increasing after holding steady for almost a decade. The initial result in North Carolina was that more workers fell into this category, peaking at 168,000 in 2010, before declining in each of the last two years.
Over the year, the portion of hourly-paid workers in North Carolina who earned at or below the federal minimum wage declined from 6.8 to 6.2 percent. The percentage of workers earning less than the federal minimum fell 0.7 percentage point in 2012, while the share earning exactly the minimum wage edged up 0.2 percentage point. As a result, 2012 was the first year that the percentage of workers with earnings at the federal minimum rate exceeded the portion with wages below the minimum.
Of the 137,000 workers earning the prevailing federal minimum wage or less in North Carolina in 2012, 91,000, or 66.4 percent, were women. These women represented 8.1 percent of all women paid hourly rates in North Carolina. Men accounted for 46,000, or 33.6 percent, of all North Carolina workers earning the prevailing minimum wage or less; they made up just 4.2 percent of all men who were paid hourly rates. (See table A.)
Overall, employed wage and salary workers earning hourly rates in the state had median hourly earnings of $11.98 in 2012; nationally, the median was $12.80. The median hourly rates for men and women in North Carolina in 2012 were $12.86 and $11.25, respectively. (See table A.) For the nation, the comparable figures were $13.88 per hour for men and $11.99 per hour for women.
| North Carolina | Number of workers (in thousands) | Percent of workers paid hourly rates | Median earnings (in dollars) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total paid hourly rates | At or below minimum wage | At or below minimum wage | ||||||
| Total (2) | At minimum wage | Below minimum wage | Total (2) | At minimum wage | Below minimum wage | |||
| Total, both sexes | ||||||||
2002 |
2,037 | 66 | 12 | 54 | 3.2 | 0.6 | 2.7 | 10.16 |
2003 |
2,086 | 70 | 19 | 51 | 3.4 | 0.9 | 2.4 | 10.10 |
2004 |
2,099 | 54 | 16 | 38 | 2.6 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 10.13 |
2005 |
2,176 | 58 | 13 | 45 | 2.7 | 0.6 | 2.1 | 10.48 |
2006 |
2,246 | 52 | 12 | 40 | 2.3 | 0.5 | 1.8 | 10.74 |
2007 |
2,156 | 46 | 4 | 42 | 2.1 | 0.2 | 1.9 | 10.77 |
2008 |
2,235 | 78 | 11 | 67 | 3.5 | 0.5 | 3.0 | 11.26 |
2009 |
2,132 | 136 | 38 | 98 | 6.4 | 1.8 | 4.6 | 11.93 |
2010 |
2,121 | 168 | 73 | 95 | 7.9 | 3.4 | 4.5 | 11.78 |
2011 |
2,055 | 140 | 65 | 75 | 6.8 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 11.83 |
2012 |
2,206 | 137 | 74 | 63 | 6.2 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 11.98 |
| Total, men | ||||||||
2002 |
1,002 | 24 | 4 | 20 | 2.4 | 0.4 | 2.0 | 11.14 |
2003 |
993 | 22 | 10 | 12 | 2.2 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 10.90 |
2004 |
1,052 | 20 | 5 | 15 | 1.9 | 0.5 | 1.4 | 10.79 |
2005 |
1,088 | 15 | 5 | 10 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 11.08 |
2006 |
1,115 | 18 | 4 | 14 | 1.6 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 11.85 |
2007 |
1,053 | 16 | 1 | 15 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 11.60 |
2008 |
1,094 | 26 | 7 | 19 | 2.4 | 0.6 | 1.7 | 12.04 |
2009 |
1,022 | 48 | 17 | 31 | 4.7 | 1.7 | 3.0 | 12.40 |
2010 |
1,018 | 65 | 33 | 32 | 6.4 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 12.11 |
2011 |
1,018 | 56 | 31 | 25 | 5.5 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 12.25 |
2012 |
1,088 | 46 | 28 | 18 | 4.2 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 12.86 |
| Total, women | ||||||||
2002 |
1,034 | 42 | 8 | 34 | 4.1 | 0.8 | 3.3 | 9.49 |
2003 |
1,093 | 48 | 9 | 39 | 4.4 | 0.8 | 3.6 | 9.73 |
2004 |
1,046 | 32 | 10 | 22 | 3.1 | 1.0 | 2.1 | 9.91 |
2005 |
1,088 | 43 | 8 | 35 | 4.0 | 0.7 | 3.2 | 9.99 |
2006 |
1,131 | 34 | 8 | 26 | 3.0 | 0.7 | 2.3 | 10.10 |
2007 |
1,103 | 30 | 4 | 26 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 2.4 | 10.20 |
2008 |
1,141 | 51 | 3 | 48 | 4.5 | 0.3 | 4.2 | 10.80 |
2009 |
1,110 | 89 | 22 | 67 | 8.0 | 2.0 | 6.0 | 11.13 |
2010 |
1,103 | 103 | 40 | 63 | 9.3 | 3.6 | 5.7 | 11.22 |
2011 |
1,037 | 85 | 35 | 50 | 8.2 | 3.4 | 4.8 | 11.20 |
2012 |
1,118 | 91 | 46 | 45 | 8.1 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 11.25 |
|
Footnotes: |
||||||||
In 2012, North Carolina's proportion of hourly-paid workers earning at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage ranked 10th among the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Idaho had the highest proportion of hourly-paid workers earning at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage, 7.7 percent, followed by Texas at 7.5 percent and Oklahoma at 7.2 percent. Louisiana was the only other state with shares of 7.0 percent or higher (7.1 percent). The states with the lowest percentage of workers earning the federal minimum wage or below included Alaska, Oregon, California, Montana, and Washington, all less than 2.0 percent. It should be noted that, as of January 1, 2013, 18 states and the District of Columbia had laws establishing minimum wage standards that exceeded the federal level of $7.25 per hour. (See table 1 and chart 2.)
Technical Note
The Bureau of Labor Statistics' data on minimum wage earners are derived from the Current Population Survey (CPS). This survey is conducted monthly for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the U.S. Census Bureau, using a national sample of about 60,000 households, with coverage in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The earnings data are collected from one-fourth of the CPS monthly sample. Data in this summary are annual averages.
Statistics based on the CPS data are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. The differences among data for the states reflect, in part, variations in the occupation, industry, and age composition of each state's labor force. In addition, sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national data.
Minimum wage worker data, particularly levels, for each year are not strictly comparable with data for earlier years because of the introduction of revised population controls used in the CPS. For technical documentation and related information, including reliability of the CPS estimates, see www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.
It should be noted that the presence of a sizable number of workers with reported wages below the minimum does not necessarily indicate violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act, as there are exemptions to the minimum wage provisions of the law. The estimates of the numbers of minimum and subminimum wage workers presented in the accompanying tables pertain to workers paid at hourly rates; salaried and other non-hourly workers are excluded. As such, the actual number of workers with earnings at or below the prevailing minimum is undoubtedly understated.
The prevailing Federal minimum wage was $2.90 in 1979, $3.10 in 1980, and $3.35 in 1981-89. The minimum wage rose to $3.80 in April 1990, $4.25 in April 1991, $4.75 in October 1996, and $5.15 in September 1997. On July 24, 2007, the Federal minimum wage increased to $5.85 per hour; on July 24, 2008, to $6.55 per hour; and on July 24, 2009, to $7.25 per hour.
The principal definitions used in connection with the earnings series in this release are described below:
Median hourly earnings. The median is the amount which divides a given earnings distribution into two equal groups, one having earnings above the median and the other having earnings below the median. The median is less sensitive to extreme wages than the mean; this makes it a better measure for highly skewed distributions.
Wage and salary workers. Workers age 16 and over who receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payment in kind, or piece rates. Data refer to earnings on a person's sole or principal job. The group includes employees in both the private and public sectors but, for the purposes of the earnings series, excludes all self-employed persons, regardless of whether or not their businesses are incorporated.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200, Federal Relay Service: 800-877-8339.
OOH Earnings Table Extraction Wizard - output frame
Table 1. Employed wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage by State, 2012 annual averages
State
Number of workers (in thousands)
Percent distribution
Percent of workers paid hourly rates
Total paid hourly rates
At or below minimum wage
Total paid hourly rates
At or below minimum wage
At or below minimum wage
Total (1)
At minimum wage
Below minimum wage
Total (1)
At minimum wage
Below minimum wage
Total (1)
At minimum wage
Below minimum wage
Total, 16 years and over
75,276
3,550
1,566
1,984
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
4.7
2.1
2.6
Alabama
1,083
65
31
34
1.4
1.8
2.0
1.7
6.0
2.9
3.1
Alaska
194
2
1
1
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.0
0.5
0.5
Arizona
1,472
68
17
51
2.0
1.9
1.1
2.6
4.6
1.2
3.5
Arkansas
725
50
33
17
1.0
1.4
2.1
0.9
6.9
4.6
2.3
California
8,805
127
45
82
11.7
3.6
2.9
4.1
1.4
0.5
0.9
Colorado
1,234
42
7
35
1.6
1.2
0.4
1.8
3.4
0.6
2.8
Connecticut
853
23
2
21
1.1
0.6
0.1
1.1
2.7
0.2
2.5
Delaware
219
11
4
7
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
5.0
1.8
3.2
District of Columbia
103
5
1
4
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
4.9
1.0
3.9
Florida
4,164
214
49
165
5.5
6.0
3.1
8.3
5.1
1.2
4.0
Georgia
2,114
136
60
76
2.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
6.4
2.8
3.6
Hawaii
331
14
7
7
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
4.2
2.1
2.1
Idaho
404
31
16
15
0.5
0.9
1.0
0.8
7.7
4.0
3.7
Illinois
3,065
85
21
64
4.1
2.4
1.3
3.2
2.8
0.7
2.1
Indiana
1,785
93
50
43
2.4
2.6
3.2
2.2
5.2
2.8
2.4
Iowa
920
46
25
21
1.2
1.3
1.6
1.1
5.0
2.7
2.3
Kansas
780
44
29
15
1.0
1.2
1.9
0.8
5.6
3.7
1.9
Kentucky
1,147
60
30
30
1.5
1.7
1.9
1.5
5.2
2.6
2.6
Louisiana
1,043
74
35
39
1.4
2.1
2.2
2.0
7.1
3.4
3.7
Maine
378
11
3
8
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.4
2.9
0.8
2.1
Maryland
1,327
67
25
42
1.8
1.9
1.6
2.1
5.0
1.9
3.2
Massachusetts
1,567
62
17
45
2.1
1.7
1.1
2.3
4.0
1.1
2.9
Michigan
2,449
90
19
71
3.3
2.5
1.2
3.6
3.7
0.8
2.9
Minnesota
1,522
60
35
25
2.0
1.7
2.2
1.3
3.9
2.3
1.6
Mississippi
700
45
21
24
0.9
1.3
1.3
1.2
6.4
3.0
3.4
Missouri
1,538
97
49
48
2.0
2.7
3.1
2.4
6.3
3.2
3.1
Montana
274
4
1
3
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.2
1.5
0.4
1.1
Nebraska
561
32
17
15
0.7
0.9
1.1
0.8
5.7
3.0
2.7
Nevada
730
23
9
14
1.0
0.6
0.6
0.7
3.2
1.2
1.9
New Hampshire
370
13
5
8
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.4
3.5
1.4
2.2
New Jersey
1,777
103
49
54
2.4
2.9
3.1
2.7
5.8
2.8
3.0
New Mexico
488
23
6
17
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.9
4.7
1.2
3.5
New York
4,075
224
113
111
5.4
6.3
7.2
5.6
5.5
2.8
2.7
North Carolina
2,206
137
74
63
2.9
3.9
4.7
3.2
6.2
3.4
2.9
North Dakota
205
7
3
4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
3.4
1.5
2.0
Ohio
3,277
147
31
116
4.4
4.1
2.0
5.8
4.5
0.9
3.5
Oklahoma
890
64
29
35
1.2
1.8
1.9
1.8
7.2
3.3
3.9
Oregon
982
11
3
8
1.3
0.3
0.2
0.4
1.1
0.3
0.8
Pennsylvania
3,450
195
87
108
4.6
5.5
5.6
5.4
5.7
2.5
3.1
Rhode Island
298
10
2
8
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.4
3.4
0.7
2.7
South Carolina
1,084
59
28
31
1.4
1.7
1.8
1.6
5.4
2.6
2.9
South Dakota
253
12
6
6
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
4.7
2.4
2.4
Tennessee
1,554
86
46
40
2.1
2.4
2.9
2.0
5.5
3.0
2.6
Texas
6,060
452
282
170
8.1
12.7
18.0
8.6
7.5
4.7
2.8
Utah
758
37
21
16
1.0
1.0
1.3
0.8
4.9
2.8
2.1
Vermont
184
5
1
4
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
2.7
0.5
2.2
Virginia
1,803
123
48
75
2.4
3.5
3.1
3.8
6.8
2.7
4.2
Washington
1,705
29
11
18
2.3
0.8
0.7
0.9
1.7
0.6
1.1
West Virginia
453
26
13
13
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.7
5.7
2.9
2.9
Wisconsin
1,745
94
41
53
2.3
2.6
2.6
2.7
5.4
2.3
3.0
Wyoming
173
9
4
5
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
5.2
2.3
2.9
Footnotes:
(1) Data may not add to totals due to rounding.
NOTE: Data exclude all self-employed persons whether or not their businesses are incorporated. Users are reminded that these data are based on a sample and therefore are subject to sampling error; the degree of error may be quite large for less populous States. It is not possible to determine clearly whether workers surveyed in the CPS are actually covered by the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) or by individual State minimum wage laws. Thus, some workers reported as earning the prevailing Federal minimum wage may not in fact be covered by Federal or State minimum wage laws. Also, there are a number of States that have minimum wages that exceed the Federal minimum wage. At the same time, the presence of a sizable number of workers with wages below the prevailing Federal minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of the FLSA or applicable State laws, because there are numerous exclusions and exemptions to these minimum wage statutes. Hourly earnings do not include overtime pay, commissions, or tips.
Technical Note
The Bureau of Labor Statistics' data on minimum wage earners are derived from the Current Population Survey (CPS). This survey is conducted monthly for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the U.S. Census Bureau, using a national sample of about 60,000 households, with coverage in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The earnings data are collected from one-fourth of the CPS monthly sample. Data in this summary are annual averages.
Statistics based on the CPS data are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. The differences among data for the states reflect, in part, variations in the occupation, industry, and age composition of each state's labor force. In addition, sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national data.
Minimum wage worker data, particularly levels, for each year are not strictly comparable with data for earlier years because of the introduction of revised population controls used in the CPS. For technical documentation and related information, including reliability of the CPS estimates, see www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.
It should be noted that the presence of a sizable number of workers with reported wages below the minimum does not necessarily indicate violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act, as there are exemptions to the minimum wage provisions of the law. The estimates of the numbers of minimum and subminimum wage workers presented in the accompanying tables pertain to workers paid at hourly rates; salaried and other non-hourly workers are excluded. As such, the actual number of workers with earnings at or below the prevailing minimum is undoubtedly understated.
The prevailing Federal minimum wage was $2.90 in 1979, $3.10 in 1980, and $3.35 in 1981-89. The minimum wage rose to $3.80 in April 1990, $4.25 in April 1991, $4.75 in October 1996, and $5.15 in September 1997. On July 24, 2007, the Federal minimum wage increased to $5.85 per hour; on July 24, 2008, to $6.55 per hour; and on July 24, 2009, to $7.25 per hour.
The principal definitions used in connection with the earnings series in this release are described below:
Median hourly earnings. The median is the amount which divides a given earnings distribution into two equal groups, one having earnings above the median and the other having earnings below the median. The median is less sensitive to extreme wages than the mean; this makes it a better measure for highly skewed distributions.
Wage and salary workers. Workers age 16 and over who receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payment in kind, or piece rates. Data refer to earnings on a person's sole or principal job. The group includes employees in both the private and public sectors but, for the purposes of the earnings series, excludes all self-employed persons, regardless of whether or not their businesses are incorporated.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200, Federal Relay Service: 800-877-8339.
| State | Number of workers (in thousands) | Percent distribution | Percent of workers paid hourly rates | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total paid hourly rates | At or below minimum wage | Total paid hourly rates | At or below minimum wage | At or below minimum wage | |||||||
| Total (1) | At minimum wage | Below minimum wage | Total (1) | At minimum wage | Below minimum wage | Total (1) | At minimum wage | Below minimum wage | |||
Total, 16 years and over |
75,276 | 3,550 | 1,566 | 1,984 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 4.7 | 2.1 | 2.6 |
Alabama |
1,083 | 65 | 31 | 34 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 6.0 | 2.9 | 3.1 |
Alaska |
194 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Arizona |
1,472 | 68 | 17 | 51 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 2.6 | 4.6 | 1.2 | 3.5 |
Arkansas |
725 | 50 | 33 | 17 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 0.9 | 6.9 | 4.6 | 2.3 |
California |
8,805 | 127 | 45 | 82 | 11.7 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 4.1 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.9 |
Colorado |
1,234 | 42 | 7 | 35 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 1.8 | 3.4 | 0.6 | 2.8 |
Connecticut |
853 | 23 | 2 | 21 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 2.7 | 0.2 | 2.5 |
Delaware |
219 | 11 | 4 | 7 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 5.0 | 1.8 | 3.2 |
District of Columbia |
103 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 4.9 | 1.0 | 3.9 |
Florida |
4,164 | 214 | 49 | 165 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 3.1 | 8.3 | 5.1 | 1.2 | 4.0 |
Georgia |
2,114 | 136 | 60 | 76 | 2.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 6.4 | 2.8 | 3.6 |
Hawaii |
331 | 14 | 7 | 7 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 4.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 |
Idaho |
404 | 31 | 16 | 15 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 7.7 | 4.0 | 3.7 |
Illinois |
3,065 | 85 | 21 | 64 | 4.1 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 0.7 | 2.1 |
Indiana |
1,785 | 93 | 50 | 43 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 2.2 | 5.2 | 2.8 | 2.4 |
Iowa |
920 | 46 | 25 | 21 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 5.0 | 2.7 | 2.3 |
Kansas |
780 | 44 | 29 | 15 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 0.8 | 5.6 | 3.7 | 1.9 |
Kentucky |
1,147 | 60 | 30 | 30 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 5.2 | 2.6 | 2.6 |
Louisiana |
1,043 | 74 | 35 | 39 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 7.1 | 3.4 | 3.7 |
Maine |
378 | 11 | 3 | 8 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 2.9 | 0.8 | 2.1 |
Maryland |
1,327 | 67 | 25 | 42 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 5.0 | 1.9 | 3.2 |
Massachusetts |
1,567 | 62 | 17 | 45 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 2.3 | 4.0 | 1.1 | 2.9 |
Michigan |
2,449 | 90 | 19 | 71 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 1.2 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 0.8 | 2.9 |
Minnesota |
1,522 | 60 | 35 | 25 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 1.3 | 3.9 | 2.3 | 1.6 |
Mississippi |
700 | 45 | 21 | 24 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 6.4 | 3.0 | 3.4 |
Missouri |
1,538 | 97 | 49 | 48 | 2.0 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 2.4 | 6.3 | 3.2 | 3.1 |
Montana |
274 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 1.1 |
Nebraska |
561 | 32 | 17 | 15 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 5.7 | 3.0 | 2.7 |
Nevada |
730 | 23 | 9 | 14 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 3.2 | 1.2 | 1.9 |
New Hampshire |
370 | 13 | 5 | 8 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 3.5 | 1.4 | 2.2 |
New Jersey |
1,777 | 103 | 49 | 54 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 5.8 | 2.8 | 3.0 |
New Mexico |
488 | 23 | 6 | 17 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 4.7 | 1.2 | 3.5 |
New York |
4,075 | 224 | 113 | 111 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 7.2 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 2.8 | 2.7 |
North Carolina |
2,206 | 137 | 74 | 63 | 2.9 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 3.2 | 6.2 | 3.4 | 2.9 |
North Dakota |
205 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 3.4 | 1.5 | 2.0 |
Ohio |
3,277 | 147 | 31 | 116 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 2.0 | 5.8 | 4.5 | 0.9 | 3.5 |
Oklahoma |
890 | 64 | 29 | 35 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 7.2 | 3.3 | 3.9 |
Oregon |
982 | 11 | 3 | 8 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 0.8 |
Pennsylvania |
3,450 | 195 | 87 | 108 | 4.6 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 5.7 | 2.5 | 3.1 |
Rhode Island |
298 | 10 | 2 | 8 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 3.4 | 0.7 | 2.7 |
South Carolina |
1,084 | 59 | 28 | 31 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 5.4 | 2.6 | 2.9 |
South Dakota |
253 | 12 | 6 | 6 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 4.7 | 2.4 | 2.4 |
Tennessee |
1,554 | 86 | 46 | 40 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 5.5 | 3.0 | 2.6 |
Texas |
6,060 | 452 | 282 | 170 | 8.1 | 12.7 | 18.0 | 8.6 | 7.5 | 4.7 | 2.8 |
Utah |
758 | 37 | 21 | 16 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 4.9 | 2.8 | 2.1 |
Vermont |
184 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 2.7 | 0.5 | 2.2 |
Virginia |
1,803 | 123 | 48 | 75 | 2.4 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 3.8 | 6.8 | 2.7 | 4.2 |
Washington |
1,705 | 29 | 11 | 18 | 2.3 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 1.1 |
West Virginia |
453 | 26 | 13 | 13 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 5.7 | 2.9 | 2.9 |
Wisconsin |
1,745 | 94 | 41 | 53 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 5.4 | 2.3 | 3.0 |
Wyoming |
173 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 5.2 | 2.3 | 2.9 |
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Footnotes: |
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NOTE: Data exclude all self-employed persons whether or not their businesses are incorporated. Users are reminded that these data are based on a sample and therefore are subject to sampling error; the degree of error may be quite large for less populous States. It is not possible to determine clearly whether workers surveyed in the CPS are actually covered by the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) or by individual State minimum wage laws. Thus, some workers reported as earning the prevailing Federal minimum wage may not in fact be covered by Federal or State minimum wage laws. Also, there are a number of States that have minimum wages that exceed the Federal minimum wage. At the same time, the presence of a sizable number of workers with wages below the prevailing Federal minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of the FLSA or applicable State laws, because there are numerous exclusions and exemptions to these minimum wage statutes. Hourly earnings do not include overtime pay, commissions, or tips. |
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Last Modified Date: March 28, 2013